Super Saiyan
Super Saiyan (超サイヤ人, Sūpā Saiya-jin) also known as Super Warrior is a stage attainable only by the Saiyan race (hence the name Super Saiyan). This transformation marks a decisive turning point in the anime.
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Legend
This is a Saiyan legend, according to which every thousand years, an individual with a power far superior to that of his fellow Saiyans, called the "Super Saiyan", appears among the Saiyans. It was out of fear of this birth that Freezer decided to destroy Planet Vegeta.
CreationThe Super Saiyan is briefly mentioned by Nappa when he sets off for Earth, and then again in Volume 24 by Vegeta, when he sees with his own eyes the dazzling progress of his rival Son Gokû. Some extraterrestrials are aware of this legend, notably Ginyû and Jeese. It is said that the Super Saiyan is a ruthless warrior who relishes his battles.
Son Gokû, after witnessing Freezer's assassination of Kuririn, transforms into a Super Saiyan. At this precise moment, the author makes sure to use violent expressions with his hero, in stark contrast to Son Gokû's "gentle" language. He is merciless in his battle with Freezer.
However, despite all his hatred, and contrary to Ginyû and Vegeta's stories, Son Gokû spares Freezer.
Later, Trunks of the Future appears, also a Super Saiyan. It seems that the descendants of the Saiyans have the ability to achieve this transformation. Vegeta achieves this after long training, as does Son Gohan in the Time Room.
Much later, Son Goten and Trunks transformed into Super Saiyans with disconcerting ease.
It has been said that Akira Toriyama's decision to use yellow hair was an easy one, and that drawing details with "white" hair in the anime saved him a lot of time.
The Super Saiyan transformation is reputed to multiply its user's initial level by 50 (source Dragon Ball Dictionary page 72). This is how Son Gokû managed to catch up with Freezer. This transformation was used several times on extremely tough opponents.
Son Gokû was not satisfied with the higher transformations (Super Saiyan Dai 2 Dankai and Super Saiyan Dai 3 Dankai), and faced Cell in this form.
Although other, more impressive forms will make notable appearances, the Super Saiyan stage is and will probably remain Son Gokû's most popular appearance.
S-cells for transformation
According to Akira Toriyama, not everyone can transform into a Super Saiyan through training and anger. To become a Super Saiyan, a person's body must contain what are known as "S-Cells". Once there are a certain number of these "S-Cells", a trigger like anger can exponentially increase the "S-Cells" and cause a change in the body: this is Super Saiyan. Most Saiyans have "S-Cells", but not in large quantities. The reason why Vegeta and Son Gokû's children can become Super Saiyans is probably because they have inherited a lot of "S-Cells" from their father, and also because Planet Earth's environment is easier to live in than that of Planet Vegeta. The best way to get the most S-Cells is to have a good soul and a very high level of fighting skills. That's why, according to Akira Toriyama, there were no Super Saiyans for a long time, to the point where this form became a kind of legend, a tale, because most Saiyans didn't have an appeased mind or a pure heart. However, Vegeta was able to transform into a Super Saiyan without having a totally pure heart or appeased mind, but only with rage and a high level of combat, just like Kale. So we can imagine that some Saiyans don't necessarily need to be appeased or pure of heart to succeed in transforming.
This first Super Saiyan transformation occurs when a Saiyan who has reached a very high level of power loses himself in a fit of anger. However, the transformation must be triggered in response to a great need, such as Gokû's desire to defeat Freezer. While the physical change isn't too great apart from a slight increase in muscle mass, the increase in power is colossal; it has been stated by Akira Toriyama that this form was designed to be 10 times greater than what Gokû had already achieved, his previous maximum form being Kaïô-Ken multiplied by 20. Logically, this should make the Super Saiyan 200 times superior to the base form. However, Daizenshuu 7 states that the Super Saiyan form multiplies basic power by 50. When Son Gokû uses this form against General Rilldo in Dragon Ball GT, the latter states that Son Gokû's power has increased a hundredfold.
The transformation has a noticeable effect on personality. Any Saiyan with a normally pleasant personality becomes angry, violent and ruthless in Super Saiyan, just as bad Saiyans become even more ruthless in Super Saiyan. This is first demonstrated by Son Gokû when he throws himself at Freezer, determined to avenge his dead friend even if it means dying. What's more, all Saiyans transforming for the first time find it extremely difficult to keep their cool, as Son Gokû tells Son Gohan when he yells at him to hurry up and flee.
Later, when Vegeta managed to transform into a Super Saiyan, he became even more reckless and belligerent, and was obsessed with defeating the Artificial Humans himself. Son Gohan, too, experienced this personality problem during his first transformation in the Chamber of Spirit and Time, but then managed to control his emotions when he emerged.
However, despite being completely calm during the transformation, Son Gohan becomes Super Saiyan 2 through amplified anger. Personality disorders are also on display in Dragon Ball GT: One Hundred Years Later when Son Gokū Jr. a shy boy with no will to fight or even defend himself defeats Lord Yao, who has been terrorizing the forest, by transforming into a Super Saiyan and displaying astonishing confidence and ease in battle.
The most noticeable physical change is the Saiyans' hair, which becomes golden in color and seems to hang in the air, reminiscent of a flame. This applies to all Saiyans' hair, from leather to eyebrows and ape tail hair.
When a half-breed becomes a Super Saiyan, the shape of his hair varies according to the haircut he has in basic form. The most obvious example is Trunks of the Future, who has 4 different haircuts as a Super Saiyan.
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The natural color of the eyes changes temporarily to a blue-green, muscle tone becomes much more defined, skin tone and clothing become lighter, mainly due to energy production and the golden aura. The aura appears in the shape of a golden flame.
The transformation also has an interesting and unique effect on Son Gokû's family. In normal form, the outline of their eyes is not fully drawn, but once transformed, the outline of their eyes is then fully represented in the same way as the villains. This is how Akira Toriyama wanted to bring out their anger and hatred.
One thing's for sure: no Saiyan has had his tail grow back since it was ripped off or cut off, be they adults (Son Gokû and Vegeta) or children (Son Gohan, Son Goten and Trunks) since their first transformation into a Super Saiyan (not taking Dragon Ball GT into account). It is thought that this transformation prevents the tail from growing back once it has been reached.
Kuririn theorizes that the Super Saiyan transformation prevents Son Gokû from using the Genki Dama technique. Given that you have to be pure of heart to use this technique, one might think that the Super Saiyan transformation makes it impossible to use because of the rage produced by the transformation. However, when Gokû is transformed, his heart is certainly full of rage, but not necessarily contaminated by evil.
In the film Dragon Ball Z - Battle of the Extreme! The Three Great Super Saiyans, when Son Gokû becomes Super Saiyan, after collecting energy for the Genki Dama, he absorbs it into his own body to regain power.
Similarly, in the Majin Boo Saga, after launching the Genki Dama at Majin Boo and the latter's resistance to the energy orb, Gokû is weakened, but manages to transform into a Super Saiyan (after using a wish to regain all his strength) and repel the Genki Dama more easily.
We can also assume that the transformation no longer influences Genki Dama since the Cell Game, when Gokû and Gohan learned to transform without having their hearts filled with anger.
According to a recent interview with Akira Toriyama, in order to transform into a Super Saiyan, a certain number of Cell-S are required in the Saiyan's body. Not all Saiyans have many S-cells. The fact that a Saiyan mates with another species does not influence the child's genetic make-up, which explains why Son Goku and Vegeta's children can transform into Super Saiyans. However, Super Saiyan requires a certain basic level of skill. The purity of the Saiyan's heart is also taken into account and facilitates transformation. This explains why there are almost no Super Saiyans in the mythological history of this people.
Super Saiyan (Berserker state)
This form of Super Saiyan is used by Kale when she's under great stress. In the berserker state, Kale undergoes a great physical change; her hair stands on end and turns green, her eyes lose their pupils, her musculature develops enormously and she grows taller. The Super Saiyan (Berserker State) bears a striking resemblance to Broly's Legendary Super Saiyan or Trunks of the Future's Super Saiyan Dai 3 Dankai.
Super Saiyan Berserker (超サイヤ人バーサーカー, Sūpā Saiya-jin Bāsākā) is a transformation stage of Saiyans. It's much more reasoned to say that Kale has reached Broly's Legendary Super Saiyan, due to her words being very similar to Broly's, saying that her Ki overflows, and that she has the ability to throw an Omega Blaster.
This form is identical to that of the Legendary Super Saiyan, except that the Super Saiyan Berserker possesses sparks of electricity.
Kale attained this form after being insulted by Caulifla and Cabe in an attempt to transform her. Just as Kale was about to kill Cabe, she was stopped by Caulifla, who told her she had no interest in him, words she found touching, so she reverted to her normal form.
Use and power
The Super Saiyan form multiplies a Saiyan's normal power by 50. Son Gokû achieves his first transformation after seeing his best friend killed before his eyes by Freezer. In this form, Son Gokû's power completely outstrips that of the tyrant, a feat all the more impressive given that before his transformation, Son Gokû was completely inferior to him, even with the Kaïô-Ken multiplying his power by 20.
To counter Son Gokû's increased power, Freezer had to use 100% of his strength, 50% of which had been enough to stop the Kame Hamé Ha with Son Gokû's Kaïo-Ken x20. Although he now seemed to be gaining the upper hand over the Super Saiyan, the latter lost confidence when he realized that all his most powerful and energy-consuming attacks had proved ineffective.
This was obvious, as Freezer's 100% final form may increase his power and speed, but it quickly exhausts him.
A year after this titanic battle on Namek, Freezer, who had finally survived the fight against Son Gokû, landed on Earth with a new synthetic body, accompanied by his father. Then came Trunks, who easily defeated Freezer's men and, to everyone's surprise, transformed into a Super Saiyan and easily killed Freezer and King Cold.
The increase in power and speed produced by the Super Saiyan compared to a regular Saiyan is enormous. Another notable ability of the Super Saiyan is that when he masters the transformation, many higher forms can be accessed by different means.
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Similarly, in the TV special Dragon Ball - Episode of Bardack, Bardack, who was no match for Freezer's ancestor Chilled, also transforms into a Super Saiyan and defeats him with disconcerting ease. As a result, Bardack seems, historically (chronologically), to be the first to transform.
In the Berserker state, the user's Ki overflows and never stops increasing, just like the Legendary Super Saiyan. This form makes the user brutal and ruthless, again, just like Legendary Super Saiyan.
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